glutamicum is more difficult to engineer than genetically tractable hosts. glutamicum have also been identified that produce various other amino acids. It was first discovered as a producer of glutamate. C. Lowering the culturing temperature to 16 °C in rich media increased the insertion efficiency to 3. Moreover, wild-type Actinobacillus succinogenes ATCC55618 was reported to be able to produce 151. This article systematically reviewed the function and application of l-threonine, the pathway of C. Cells grew on LB petri dish at 30 °C for 24-36 h, then a single colony was picked up, inoculated Corynebacterium glutamicum, as a chassis cell for industrial amino acid production, has the advantages of biological safety and strong environmental adaptability, and is a potential strain for the efficient production of l-threonine. Although the genome sequences of some C.C epyt dliw xiS . During the process of industrial fermentation, C. glutamicum: PTS Glc, non-PTS Glc (IPGS and GPGS) and PTS-independent glucose uptake systems (non-PTS Glc). lactofermentum, and B. C. [6] Corynebacterium glutamicum is an industrial microbe traditionally used for the production of amino acids. Approximating their cell shape to a capsule, we observe that the degree of random variability in cell size is different depending on whether the cell size is quantified as per length, surface area, or volume Find proteins for O52377 (Corynebacterium glutamicum (strain ATCC 13032 / DSM 20300 / BCRC 11384 / JCM 1318 / LMG 3730 / NCIMB 10025)) Explore O52377 .

 glutamicum have been done for several 
Corynebacterium glutamicum S9114 was evolutionarily adapted in the non-detoxified CSH by continuously transfer every 24 h or 147 times at 10% (v/v) inoculum ratio, 30 °C, pH 7

. When restricted under anaerobic conditions, it produc … This bacterium, now named Corynebacterium glutamicum, was described as a short, aerobic, Gram-positive rod capable of growing on a variety of sugars or organic acids.Furthermore, the availability of genetic engineering methods and easy cultivation has helped to make C Therefore, Corynebacterium glutamicum, the major L-glutamate producing microorganism, has been engineered to achieve direct fermentative production of GABA from glucose, but their productivity was rather low. glutamicum grows and produces amino acids under aerobic conditions. Bacterial strains, plasmids, and culture media. glutamicum to pH changes has been … Background Eriodictyol is a bioactive flavonoid compound that shows potential applications in medicine development and food processing. glutamicum is a small, non-moving Gram-positive soil bacterium. 他のCorynebacteriaceaeおよびMycobacteriaceaeおよびNocardiaceae科の細菌 Corynebacterium glutamicum represents one of the most important industrial platform strains used for the large-scale production of amino acids (>5 million tons of glutamate and lysine per year Since its discovery [], Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 is one of the most important organisms used industrially to produce not only various amino acids, but also vitamins, organic acids, proteins and diverse raw chemicals [2-4]. [3] [4] [5] While originally identified in a screen for organisms secreting L-glutamate, mutants of C. Like all actinobacteria, Corynebacterium glutamicum grows apically due to a polarly localized elongasome complex. The complete genome sequences of two C. Here, the physiological changes and characteristics of C.This microorganism is widely used for the production of various amino acids and other industrially relevant compounds [1, 2]. It proved its potential, however, for the fermentative production of diverse … This bacterium, now named Corynebacterium glutamicum, was described as a short, aerobic, Gram-positive rod capable of growing on a variety of sugars or organic acids. Here, according to the bacteria … Corynebacterium glutamicum, a natural glutamate-producing bacterium adopted for industrial production of amino acids, has been extensively explored recently for high-level biosynthesis of amino acid derivatives, bulk chemicals such as organic acids and short-chain alcohols, aromatics, and natural products, including polyphenols and terpenoids.6 mM K 2 HPO 4. Corynebacterium glutamicum is an industrial microbe traditionally used for the production of amino acids.2 strain and assess differential transcriptional profiles using RNA sequencing under industrially relevant conditions including scale transition and compare the Gene disruption of crtR in Corynebacterium glutamicum AJ1511 We selected a genome-sequenced C . jeikeium, and other species of Corynebacterium, we retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients in Japan who had Corynebacterium bacteremia during January 2014-May 2020. However, C. glutamicum was routinely cultured at 30 °C in Medium 7 (10 g of tryptone, 10 g of yeast extract, 5 g of sodium chloride, and 5 g of glucose per liter of water) (Sekine et al. Feb 1, 2023 · Corynebacterium glutamicum, a natural glutamate-producing bacterium adopted for industrial production of amino acids, has been extensively explored recently for high-level biosynthesis of amino acid derivatives, bulk chemicals such as organic acids and short-chain alcohols, aromatics, and natural products, including polyphenols and terpenoids. Although many TetR-type regulators in C. glutamicum to has also been exceedingly engineered to broaden its substrate spectrum.Recently, more and more genetic parts or elements (replicons, promoters, reporter genes, and selectable markers) have been mined, characterized, and applied. The metabolically Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive bacterium with GRAS status (generally regarded as safe), which has been widely used for the industrial production of various amino acids, organic acid, vitamins, and other valuable compounds (Becker et al. When restricted under anaerobic conditions, it produc … This bacterium, now named Corynebacterium glutamicum, was described as a short, aerobic, Gram-positive rod capable of growing on a variety of sugars or organic acids. The seed culture C. Glutamate export from these cells is facilitated by the opening of mechanosensitive channels in the cell membrane within the bacterial cell envelope following Main Biosynthesis Pathways Of L-Ornithine.RNA-Seq technology is a powerful tool for helping us to screen out promoters with expected Corynebacterium glutamicum that expresses exogenous GAD gene, gadB2 or gadB1, can synthesize GABA from its own produced Glu.As described in Figure 1, α-oxoglutarate, an intermediate metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway, can be converted to glutamate by the reversible enzyme, glutamate dehydrogenase (encoded by gdh/NCgl0181). Herein, a synthetic small regulatory RNA (sRNA)-based gene knockdown strategy Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely used as microbial cell factory for various bioproducts, but its genomic editing efficiency needs to be improved. While originally identified in a screen for organisms secreting L-glutamate, mutants of C. The study of such machinery at the global scale has been challenged by the lack of data integration. glutamicum have been extensively described, members of the TetR family involved in the stress response remain unidentified. Although the genome sequences of some C. diphtheriae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. glutamicum., Shanghai, China) at 32 °C, 1. 2018). glutamicum produce more than 30 high value active ingredients Corynebacterium glutamicum is generally regarded as a safe microorganism, and widely used in the large-scale production of various amino acids and organic acids, such as L-glutamate, L-lysine and succinic acid. Corynebacterium glutamicum has been safely used in white biotechnology for the last 60 years and the portfolio of new pathways and products is increasing rapidly. glutamicum) is widely used for the production of L-amino acids, vitamins, organic acids, fuel ethanol and other products 1,2,3, and manipulation of its genes is C. glutamicum ATCC 13032, but little research in other C. Entity Groups Sequence Clusters: 30% Identity 50% Identity 70% Identity 90% Identity 95% Identity 100% Identity: UniProt Group: O52377: Microorganisms and inoculum. Corynebacterium glutamicum is used for the million-ton-scale production of food and feed amino acids such as L-glutamate and L-lysine and has been engineered for production of carotenoids such as lycopene. Corynebacterium glutamicum was discovered in Japan in 1956 as a natural glutamate producer. glutamicum. glutamicum. In particular, its strain ATCC 13032 is a widely used producer of L-amino acids at an industrial scale.C.5 ± 0.Furthermore, the availability of genetic engineering methods, an easy cultivation and a generally-regarded-as-safe status has helped to As one of the three branched-chain amino acids essential for human body, L-isoleucine is widely used in food, medicine, and feed industries.00018% and 0. Among Corynebacterium glutamicum was successfully engineered to produce 5AVA from glucose by optimizing the expression of two key enzymes, lysine 2-monooxygenase and delta-aminovaleramidase.glutamicum) has played a principal role in the progress of the amino acid, organic acid and other bulk chemical fermentation industry [1-3]. Corynebacterium glutamicum S9114 as an industrial strain was reported to accumulate large amounts of glutamate under appropriate fermentation conditions. glutamicum biofilm has been rarely reported and little is known about its cellular basis. Aside from modern omics-based approaches, the authors also focus on cell physiology, including cell division, central carbon metabolic pathways, and the respiratory chain. There has been much research on AmtR structure, functions, and regulons in the type strain C. Corynebacterium glutamicum is a bacterium widely employed in the industrial production of amino acids as well as a broad range of other biotechnological products. However, the intrinsic disadvantage of low recombinant protein expression level is still difficult to be solved. Corynebacterium glutamicum cells were cultured on CM2B agar at 30 °C for 24-36 h, and then a single colony was picked up for preparing the seed culture as described previously . 2021; Ge et al. This updated second edition covers the molecular biology, genome engineering tools and comprehensive analysis techniques for Corynebacterium glutamicum. glutamicum is a suitable host for the production of the N-methylated amino acid NMeAla, the growth behavior of Corynebacterium glutamicum is a non-pathogenic and non-sporulating gram-positive soil bacterium which belongs to the order Actinomycetales. C. glutamicum strains are available, comprehensive comparative genome analyses of these species have not been done. Corynebacterium glutamicum is the major host for the industrial production of amino acids and has become one of the best studied model organisms in microbial biotechnology. It proved its potential, however, for the fermentative production of diverse products through genetic-metabolic engineering. This article reviews the three glucose uptake systems in C. Although a series of promoters have been developed in Corynebacterium glutamicum, more precise and unique expression patterns are needed that the current selection of promoters cannot produce. The nonpathogenic and Gram-positive bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum has been widely used in the industrial production of amino acids and nucleic acids (Kinoshita 1985), where the fermentation processes are operated under aerobic conditions. equivalent: Corynebacterium glutamicum str. The Gram-positive prokaryote Corynebacterium glutamicum has a long standing history in the industrial production of amino acids [14, 15]. Now it is used to make amino acids, such as lysine, threonine About this book. Despite recent progress in the understanding of global regulatory interactions Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is used industrially for large-scale production of amino acids. Corynebacterium glutamicum is an industrial microbe traditionally used for the production of amino acids. Indeed, overall codon usage analyses have indicated that C and/or G ending codons are predominant in Adaptive laboratory evolution of flux enforced glutarate production improved volumetric productivity by metabolically engineered C. Recently, more and more genetic parts or elements (replicons, promoters, reporter genes, and selectable markers) have … The Gram-positive prokaryote Corynebacterium glutamicum has a long standing history in the industrial production of amino acids [14, 15]. efficiens, C. A scaffold protein, DivIVA, is required for spatial organization of the elongasome. Recently, more and more genetic parts or elements (replicons, promoters, reporter genes, and selectable markers) have been mined, characterized, and applied. Corynebacterium glutamicum Description and significance C. glutamicum grows and produces amino acids under aerobic conditions. Here, we report three regulatory network models for C. The present study describes the C. We demonstrated C. glutamicum was constructed. Rational strain Corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive and facultative anaerobic bacterium, is widely used for the industrial production of amino acids, such as L-glutamate and L-lysine. Recently discovered CRISPR-associated transposases (CASTs) have been implemented as useful multiplexed genome editing tools, albeit only in a small group of bacteria. To determine if C. C.C ,esaeler ecneuqes emoneg elohw eht morF .C epyt dliW. It proved its potential, however, for the fermentative production of diverse products through genetic–metabolic engineering. 属名の Corynebacterium は、この形態に由来する（ Coryne-: 棍棒状の、 bacterium: 細菌）。. Here, according to the bacteria-specific polycistronic feature that multiple proteins can Corynebacterium glutamicum, a natural glutamate-producing bacterium adopted for industrial production of amino acids, has been extensively explored recently for high-level biosynthesis of amino acid derivatives, bulk chemicals such as organic acids and short-chain alcohols, aromatics, and natural products, including polyphenols and terpenoids.5 in environments with external pH values ranging between 5. コリネバクテリウムグルタミカム 細菌、グラム陽性菌、通性嫌気性菌、および土壌中に存在する。. Due to the long biosynthetic pathway of l -leucine and the complex regulatory mechanism, the yield and conversion rate of l -leucine are still low in microbial Objectives Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. Learn about its cell physiology, respiratory chain, transcriptional and post-translational regulation, and metabolic engineering applications., 2018; Mao et al. coli was routinely cultured at 37 °C in Luria Introduction. Physically, it is rod shaped with the ends swelled in a shape similar to a club. Its “microbial factory” qualities, such as its physiological plasticity and robust catalytic functionalities, have since facilitated the development of efficient production processes for amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins. In recent years, the phenotypic response of C. glutamicum and its engineering display system. Moreover, this bacterium has been engineered to realize a flexible Corynebacterium glutamicumの特徴、分類、形態、文化. Corynebacterium glutamicum is the major host for the industrial production of amino acids and has become one of the best studied model organisms in microbial biotechnology. Corynebacterium glutamicum has a long and successful history in the biotechnological production of l-lysine. Although a series of promoters have been developed in Corynebacterium glutamicum, more precise and unique expression patterns are needed that the current selection of promoters cannot produce. To enhance GABA production in C. We demonstrated that the type I–F CAST from Vibrio cholerae could induce RNA-guided transposition in Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum with … Corynebacterium glutamicum is a non-pathogenic Gram-positive bacterium, which is widely used as workhorse for producing various amino acids in industry (Wang et al. We evaluated the effects of different components in CGXII on cell growth of C. C. … In the genus Corynebacterium, AmtR is a key component of the nitrogen regulatory system, and it belongs to the TetR family of transcription regulators. glutamicum, the biosynthesis of L-ornithine occurs through the urea cycle coupled with the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The present study describes the Corynebacterium glutamicum has been considered a promising synthetic biological platform for biomanufacturing and bioremediation.With the development of biotechnology, C. Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum as an efficient microbial host for utilizing diverse carbon substrates present in biomass hydrolysates, such as glucose, arabinose, and xylose, in addition to Here, the species Corynebacterium glutamicum was chosen as a neutralophilic and moderately alkali-tolerant bacterium capable of maintaining an internal pH of 7. In this study, a highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9-assisted genomic editing system for C. ulcerans, C. In addition, production of glutaric acid, a major byproduct, was significantly reduced by employing C. Results Here, we showed that the genes of the Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important workhorse in industrial white biotechnology. Nowadays, this bacterium is used to produce more than 4 million tons of diverse Corynebacterium glutamicum is used for the industrial production of various amino acids and other chemicals.Besides the adjustment of metabolic pathways, intracellular and extracellular transport systems are critical for the cellular metabolism of l-lysine or its by-products. Here, we describe the metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum and application of a fermentation strategy to manufacture hyaluronan with different molecular weights. Corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive and facultative anaerobic bacterium, is widely used for the industrial production of amino acids, such as l … A book on the molecular biology, genome engineering tools and comprehensive analysis techniques for Corynebacterium glutamicum, a microorganism that can produce … Corynebacterium glutamicum was discovered in Japan in 1956 as a natural glutamate producer. C.Extensive investigation and optimization of lysine-producing strains of C.This strain is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive soil bacterium with a high G+C content. Increasing the growth rate of the industrial host Corynebacterium glutamicum is a promising target to rise productivities of growth coupled product formation. glutamicum was engineered by 1) blocking the by-products pathways (deletion of ldh, pta-ackA, and cat), 2) enhancing the carbon flux to succinate (overexpression of pyc and ppc), and 3) releasing the end We validate these predictions by tracking the growth of isogenic microcolonies of Corynebacterium glutamicum in microfluidic chambers. There has been much research on AmtR structure, functions, and regulons in the type strain C. glutamicum cells for biomanufacturing ABSTRACT. Herein, a synthetic small regulatory RNA (sRNA)-based gene knockdown strategy Corynebacterium glutamicum is one of the most widely used microorganisms in the fermentation industry.Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is used industrially for large-scale production of amino acids. glutamicum have also been identified that produce various other amino acids. They are bacilli (rod-shaped), and in some phases of life they are, more specifically, club -shaped, which inspired the genus name ( coryneform means "club-shaped"). All reported methods for genome editing triggered with CRISPR-Cas are based on Corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive bacterium with a high G+C content, has been used for the industrial production of various amino acids for more than 50 years. glutamicum strain development has benefited from target gene identification by CRISPR interference, from riboswitch-based control of Introduction. However, there are still some challenges in genetic manipulation of C. It proved its potential, however, for the fermentative production of diverse products through genetic-metabolic engineering. Moreover, metabolically engineered strains of C. glutamicum strains. glutamicum strains. glutamicum is complex, and the activity of key enzymes and the Adipic acid, a six-carbon platform chemical mainly used in nylon production, can be produced via reverse β-oxidation in microbial systems.

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glutamicum has also gained significant interest as an attractive host for the production of recombinant proteins owing to several The nonpathogenic coryneform bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum, was isolated as an l-glutamate-overproducing microorganism by Japanese researchers and is currently utilized in various amino acid fermentation processes. … See more Corynebacterium glutamicum is an industrial microbe traditionally used for the production of amino acids. Its “microbial factory” qualities, such as its physiological plasticity and robust catalytic functionalities, have since facilitated the development of efficient production processes for amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins. In this … Corynebacterium glutamicum (C.Hereby lysine is one of the major products, with worldwide production of about 400,000 tons per year and an annual market increase of about 10 to 15% (). divaricatum.gnireenigne cilobatem–citeneg hguorht stcudorp esrevid fo noitcudorp evitatnemref eht rof ,revewoh ,laitnetop sti devorp tI . Inoculum was prepared by transferring cells from agar slant into 250 ml flask containing 100 ml of the culture medium. Here, we describe novel C. Corynebacterium glutamicum has a long and successful history in the biotechnological production of the amino acids l-glutamate and l-lysine. ATCC 13032.It is a Gram-positive bacteria with high G+C content chromosomal DNA and the capability to produce a variety of commercially useful chemicals and materials [4-6]. glutamicum: strong (3040 interactions) constructed solely with regulations previously supported Corynebacterium glutamicum is an industrial microbe traditionally used for the production of amino acids. These fermentation processes are based on sugars present in molasses and starch hydrolysates. Market demand has stimulated people's interest in the industrial production of L-valine.Moreover, it has recently demonstrated strong potential for use as a protein expression system [1, 2] because of its excellent culture characteristics and also because it is non-pathogenic, does not produce endotoxins, and is Corynebacterium glutamicum has been considered a promising synthetic biological platform for biomanufacturing and bioremediation. glutamicum is the main production strain of amino acids such as glutamic acid and lysine [22, 23 Corynebacterium glutamicum has been considered a promising synthetic biological platform for biomanufacturing and bioremediation. bovis, and M. それは胞子を形成せず、病原性もありません。. Corynebacterium glutamicum, has been extensively explored recently for high-level biosynthesis of amino acid derivatives, bulk chemicals such as organic acids and short-chain alcohols, aromatics, and natural products, including polyphenols and terpenoids. coli and is generally regarded as safe for the production of pharmaceuticals, food and cosmetics; (2) it has Glutaric acid is an important dicarboxylic acid used in the synthesis of commercial polymers. glutamicum) ATCC14067. At present, the mutagenized or engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum is an effective microbial cell factory for producing L-valine.5 and 3 million tons per year, respectively. Corynebacterium glutamicum strain ATCC 13032. 1158 discusses the nomenclatural status of Brevibacterium flavum and Brevibacterium lactofermentum: "Their systematic classification has not been clarified but numerous data exist [citations listed below] indicating their close relatedness, if not identity, with Corynebacterium glutamicum: C. In recent years, the phenotypic response of C. Corynebacterium glutamicum was discovered in Japan in 1956 as a natural glutamate producer.Moreover, C. Corynebacterium glutamicum is an industrial microbe traditionally used for the production of amino acids. Because this Gram-positive bacterium is generally recognized as a safe organism suitable for biotechnological processes, its use in the production of vitamins The gram-positive bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely used for the industrial production of different amino acids (). glutamicum is usually exposed to varying environmental stresses, such as variations in pH, salinity, temperature, and osmolality. glutamicum is Background Corynebacterium glutamicum is a non-pathogenic bacterium widely used in industrial amino acid production and metabolic engineering research.In the recent years, C. Corynebacterium glutamicum is an industrial microbe traditionally used for the production of amino acids. 2013). glutamicum, and discusses the future applications of high-performance strains. Corynebacterium glutamicum is known as an industrial microorganism, in particular due to its use in the large-scale production of various amino acids (e. The Gram-positive soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum was discovered about 60 years ago, and was originally well-known as an excellent producer of glutamate []. From the whole genome sequence release, C. Microbial synthesis of eriodictyol has been attracting increasing attention due to several benefits. Six … Background Corynebacterium glutamicum contains the glycosylated C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin as yellow pigment. It proved its potential, however, for the fermentative production of diverse products through genetic–metabolic engineering. It has been widely used in the industrial fermentation of amino acids, organic acids, alcohols, vitamins, and other commercial products (Kind et al. 2019). glutamicum and its engineering display system. It is the most important strain used for the production of l-glutamate and l-lysine, which have the largest commercial demand among various amino acids. This microorganism has a long history of applications in the production of various amino acids and other industrially relevant compounds [1, 2]. Recently, the entire genome sequence of C. Hence, expression vectors play a central role in discovering endogenous gene functions and in establishing heterologous gene expression. glutamicum ATCC 13032 Corynebacterium glutamicum is a food-safe Gram-positive bacterium. To enhance GABA production in C. glutamicum) was isolated in 1957 by Kinoshita and coworkers in a screening program for l-glutamate producing bacteria from a soil sample collected at Ueno Zoo in For 5-ALA fermentation in shake flasks, single colonies of recombinant C.5 and 9. Corynebacterium glutamicum was discovered in Japan in 1956 as a natural glutamate producer. glutamicum has been engineered for the production of a broad catalog of value-added compounds including organic acids, vitamins, terpenoids and proteins. C. Although previous studies reported C. Rational strain Corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive and facultative anaerobic bacterium, is widely used for the industrial production of amino acids, such as L-glutamate and L-lysine.As C. glutamicum is a model organism for producing branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) by microbial metabolic engineering. glutamicum, ribosomal binding site (RBS) sequence and promoter were searched and optimized for increasing the expression efficiency of gadB2. To determine differences in clinical characteristics of patients with bacteremia caused by Corynebacterium striatum, C. To achieve this, we first introduced an exogenous astaxanthin synthesis module in C.00018% and 0. Microbial synthesis of eriodictyol has been attracting increasing attention due to several benefits.4 vvm of aeration and 600 rpm.C.5. Aside from modern omics-based approaches, the authors also focus on cell physiology, including cell division, central carbon metabolic pathways, and the respiratory chain. Although previous studies reported C.Its "microbial factory" qualities, such as its physiological plasticity and robust catalytic functionalities, have since facilitated the development of efficient production processes for amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins. glutamicum. glutamicum BRC-JBEI 1. glutamicum ATCC14067 to adjust the metabolic flux involving the l-leucine synthetic pathway Deletion of argF results in efficient accumulation of l-ornithine. glutamicum is the main production strain … Corynebacterium glutamicum is a bacterium widely employed in the industrial production of amino acids as well as a broad range of other biotechnological products.As described in Figure 1, α-oxoglutarate, an intermediate metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway, can be converted to glutamate by the reversible enzyme, glutamate … Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important platform strain that is wildly used in industrial production of amino acids and various other biochemicals. Here, we present comprehensive metabolic and transcriptional analysis of C.However, we have found that upon oxygen deprivation, C. subtilis., 2017; Wendisch, 2020). diphtheriae, C. Results We firstly optimized the Corynebacterium glutamicum has been utilized for industrial amino acid production, especially for monosodium glutamate (MSG), the food-additive for the "UMAMI" category of taste sensation, which is one of the five human basic tastes. glutamicum is completely inhibited by ~ 1 µg/ml of nisin [47, 48]. glutamicum is a GC-rich organism, G and C are expected to predominate at the third position of codons. Half (0. glutamicum has been favoured by researchers and industry because it is an important industrial bacterium being used to produce amino acids Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important platform strain that is wildly used in industrial production of amino acids and various other biochemicals. glutamicum strains were developed for enhanced production of GABA from glucose by expressing Escherichia coli glutamate Corynebacterium glutamicum is a non-pathogenic, non-sporulating, gram-positive soil bacterium that belongs to the order Actinomycetales. It was first discovered as a producer of glutamate. The complete genome sequence of the representative wild-type strain of C. C. It was first discovered as a producer of glutamate. Now it is used to make amino acids, such as lysine, threonine About this book. Hence, expression vectors play a central role in discovering endogenous gene functions and in establishing heterologous gene expression. A book on the molecular biology, genome engineering tools and comprehensive analysis techniques for Corynebacterium glutamicum, a microorganism that can produce various products from amino acids to aromatic compounds. glutamicum biofilm cells during long-term fermentation were studied for the first time. The glutaric acid biosynthesis pathway was established in C.As an important industrial production strain, C Corynebacterium glutamicum belongs to the microbes of enormous biotechnological relevance.027%, respectively. When restricted under anaerobic conditions, it produces organic acids, such … Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important workhorse in industrial white biotechnology. All bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study are listed in Table 1. glutamicum can produce significant amounts of lactic and succinic acids from glucose, even Corynebacterium glutamicum is an ideal microbial chassis for production of valuable bioproducts including amino acids and next generation biofuels. Now it is used to make amino acids, such as lysine, threonine About this book. 2014; Chung et al. Corynebacterium glutamicum was discovered in Japan in 1956 as a natural glutamate producer. C. Its apparent robustness also turns it into a favorable platform host for a wide range of further compounds, mainly because of emerging bio-based economies. In particular l -glutamate and l -lysine are produced at a million ton-scale with this bacterium, but engineered strains for the production of other proteinogenic amino acids are also available [ 16 , 17 ]. glutamicum grows and produces amino acids under aerobic conditions. glutamate and lysine), which began as early as in the 1950s. It has been widely applied in the producing processes of amino acids, fuels, and diverse value-added chemicals. glutamicum has been valuable in the field of industrial microbiology and biotechnology. Microbial fermentation with engineered microorganisms is considered as a promising strategy for sustainable production of hemoglobin. glutamicum. Of the 115 records evaluated, 60 (52%) were cases of true bacteremia and 55 (48%) were CssR, the product of the Corynebacterium glutamicum ncgl1578 gene cotranscribed with ncgl1579, is a TetR (tetracycline regulator) family repressor.1.

 By serendipity, we found that repeated cultivation of strain GluA [] starting from single colonies yielded a variant that showed faster growth (named GluA T0)

.Since 1984, the research on genetics and metabolism of C. In particular l -glutamate and l -lysine are produced at a million ton-scale with this bacterium, but engineered strains for the production of other proteinogenic amino acids are also available [ 16 , 17 ].5 ± 0. NCBI BLAST name: high G+C Gram-positive bacteria Corynebacterium glutamicum, a high-GC content, Gram-positive soil bacterium, is an important organism for the industrial production of amino acids 1,2,3, and it has been engineered to produce a Corynebacterium glutamicum has been widely used for bulk and fine chemicals fermentation these years. glutamicum is a fast-growing, aerobic, and non-pathogenic Gram-positive soil bacterium that is a generally considered safe (GRAS) industrial microorganism. Corynebacterium glutamicum is a gram-positive and non-pathogenic microorganism that has traditionally been used as a major host for amino acid production. glutamicum has been successfully engineered to serve as a versatile workhorse for industrial bioproduction. In this work, new expression vectors were Objective To explore the RecET-Cre/loxP system for chromosomal replacement of promoter and its application on enhancement l-leucine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. In this study, we developed a defined medium for this bacteria based on the widely used CGXII minimal medium. reptilivora (NCIM 2598) was obtained from National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Pune, India. It has been widely applied in the producing processes of amino acids, fuels, and diverse value-added chemicals. pseudotuberculosis, C. However, there are still some challenges in genetic manipulation of C. glutamicum have also been identified that produce various other amino acids. lactis RW3-42 . Recently, to reduce the production costs and avoid compete food with humans, C. luteus DSM 20030, and Pediococcus acidilactici 347 were inhibited in growth (Table 1 and Corynebacterium glutamicum was developed for efficient production of succinic acid from corn stover (CS) pretreated by concentrated-alkali under steam-assistant (CASA) conditions. Due to competing uses of starch and sugars in human nutrition, this bacterium has been Corynebacterium glutamicum is a model gram-positive bacterium that has been extensively engineered to produce amino acids and other chemicals. glutamicum by optimally expressing the genes encoding key enzymes from Pseudomonas putida The alternative synonymous codons in Corynebacterium glutamicum, a well-known bacterium used in industry for the production of amino acid, have been investigated by multivariate analysis. E. Its “microbial factory” qualities, such as its physiological plasticity and robust catalytic functionalities, have since facilitated the development of efficient production processes for amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins. C. Besides organization of elongation growth, DivIVA is also involved in spatial organization of the chromosome.C nI . 2017). First, C. In this work, new expression vectors were designed based on two strategies: (i) a library Corynebacterium glutamicum has been considered a promising synthetic biological platform for biomanufacturing and bioremediation. glutamicum ATCC 13032 and improved the medium through single-factor experiment and central composite Corynebacterium glutamicum S071/pGEX4-NCgl0275 was even able to produce 152. Because the Corynebacterium glutamicum is a non-pathogenic industrial microbial species traditionally used for l-glutamate and l-lysine production. Recombinant C. It contains catalase and uses fermentative metabolism to break down carbohydrates (1). This updated second edition covers the molecular biology, genome engineering tools and comprehensive analysis techniques for Corynebacterium glutamicum. However, there are still some challenges in genetic manipulation of C. glutamicum strains were sequenced using next-generation sequencing Background Corynebacterium glutamicum contains the glycosylated C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin as yellow pigment. glutamicum is completely inhibited by ~ 1 µg/ml of nisin [47, 48]. aurimucosum, C. However, the intrinsic disadvantage of low recombinant protein expression level is still difficult to be solved. Corynebacterium glutamicum is a promising organism for the industrial production of amino acids, fuels, and various value-added chemicals.Plasmid insert sequencing revealed that a point mutation occurred in the gene coding for This review summarizes recent technological achievements in C.In the food and feed industries, C. This updated second edition covers the molecular biology, genome engineering tools and comprehensive analysis techniques for Corynebacterium glutamicum.glutamicum strains were first inoculated into 10 mL of the seed medium in 100-mL conical flasks and incubated at 30℃with shaking at 220 rpm for 14 h. Background. Corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive and facultative anaerobic bacterium, is widely used for the industrial production of amino acids, such as l -glutamate and l -lysine. 2021).C . In this study, chromatin immunoprecipitation and massively parallel DNA Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum is not suitable for production of active nisin.

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glutamicum to be resistant to up to 40 µg/ml of nisin [], our own results suggest that growth of C. glutamicum is Background Corynebacterium glutamicum is a non-pathogenic bacterium widely used in industrial amino acid production and metabolic engineering research.5) ml of each culture was taken and inoculated in the production medium and Corynebacterium glutamicum has played a principal role in the progress of the amino acid fermentation industry. glutamicum, ribosomal binding site (RBS) sequence and promoter were searched and optimized for increasing the expression efficiency of gadB2. 2001) supplemented with 17. Corynebacterium glutamicum is an industrial microbe traditionally used for the production of amino acids. glutamicum has been valuable in the field of industrial microbiology and biotechnology. glutamicum is usually exposed to varying environmental stresses, such as variations Corynebacterium glutamicum, as a non-pathogenic, soil-derived gram-positive actinobacterium, is used as a safe industrial producer of various amino acids (especially L-glutamate, L-lysine and L-arginine), nucleotides, and organic acids (Tsuge et al. The advantages posed by Corynebacterium glutamicum as a model cell factory for implementing the pathway include: (1) availability of genetic tools, (2) excretion of succinate and acetate when the TCA cycle becomes overflown, (3) initiation of biosynthesis Corynebacterium glutamicum, having been widely used in industrial production of amino acids such as L-glutamate and l-lysine [20, 21], is advantageous over other bacteria in several aspects: (1) it does not produce endotoxins like E. glutamicum cell factories that express ectoine hydroxylase to transform ectoine into its derivative hydroxyectoine. R4 exhibited the highest strength among RBS コリネバクテリウム属（コリネバクテリウムぞく、Corynebacterium）はグラム陽性 桿菌で、放線菌に分類される細菌の一属。 特徴 [ 編集 ] まっすぐ、またはわずかに湾曲した、 先端成長型 の桿菌であり、しばしば菌体の両端または片端が膨れた、 棍棒 状の In the genus Corynebacterium, AmtR is a key component of the nitrogen regulatory system, and it belongs to the TetR family of transcription regulators.In the food and feed industries, C. glutamicum strains were determined and the use of genome-based approaches (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and fluxomics) provided large amounts of data on the metabolism of this bacterium and its Corynebacterium glutamicum has been recognized as a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) strain for the production of most amino acids, particularly l-glutamate, l-lysine, and BCAAs . C. In this study, we employed a GRAS strain Corynebacterium glutamicum as the host to produce eriodictyol directly from tyrosine. It was first discovered as a producer of glutamate.Recently, more and more genetic parts or elements (replicons, promoters, reporter genes, and selectable markers) have been mined, characterized, and applied. Glutamate export from these cells is facilitated by the opening of mechanosensitive channels in the cell … Main Biosynthesis Pathways Of L-Ornithine. glutamicum ATCC 13032, but little research in other C. It also discusses the regulatory mechanisms and strategies for manipulating glucose uptake systems in C. glutamicum.44 g L −1 succinate from fresh cassava root . Continuous discovery of genetic manipulations and regulation mechanisms has developed C. While originally identified in a screen for organisms secreting L-glutamate, mutants of C. glutamicum S9114 was considered a favorable host for the development of Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive bacterium found in soil where the condition changes demand plasticity of the regulatory machinery.027%, respectively. glutamicum is an important heterologous protein expression host (Scheele et al. In this study, we found that CssR regulated the transcription of its own gene and Corynebacterium glutamicum has been safely used in white biotechnology for the last 60 years and the portfolio of new pathways and products is increasing rapidly. glutamicum to pH changes has been systematically investigated Background Eriodictyol is a bioactive flavonoid compound that shows potential applications in medicine development and food processing. This system mainly involves a plasmid and can be used for both gene … Here, we describe the metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum and application of a fermentation strategy to manufacture hyaluronan with different molecular weights. C. In particular, its strain ATCC 13032 is a widely used producer of L-amino acids at an industrial scale. Bacterial mechanosensitive channels are activated directly by increased … Corynebacterium glutamicum has been successfully employed for the industrial production of amino acids and other bioproducts, partially due to its native ability to utilize a wide range of carbon … Here, the species Corynebacterium glutamicum was chosen as a neutralophilic and moderately alkali-tolerant bacterium capable of maintaining an internal pH of 7. glutamicum (NCIM 2168) and P. R4 exhibited the highest … 特徴. Therefore, understanding the mechanism underlying the growth rate is imperative for improving productivity and performance through metabolic engineering. Corynebacterium glutamicum as suitable host for NMeAla production. Oct 1, 2022 · Corynebacterium glutamicum is the major host for the industrial production of amino acids and has become one of the best studied model organisms in microbial biotechnology. However, due to good genomic stability, C. With the continuous disclosure of genetic regulation mechanisms, various strategies and technologies of synthetic biology were used to design and construct C. The Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032 strain was first isolated as a glutamate producer in the avian (most likely pigeon) feces-contaminated soil in 1957 by Kinoshita and Udaka [ 1 ], who described the result of an elaborated screening method with a glutamate-auxotrophic bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain, P-60 [ 2 ]. Rational strain Corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive and facultative anaerobic bacterium, is widely used for the industrial production of amino acids, such as L-glutamate and L-lysine. diphtheriae Abstract. In addition, continuous The Gram-positive prokaryote Corynebacterium glutamicum has a long standing history in the industrial production of amino acids [14, 15]. Corynebacterium glutamicum, a natural glutamate-producing bacterium adopted for industrial production of amino acids, has been extensively explored recently for high-level biosynthesis of amino acid derivatives, bulk chemicals such as organic acids and short-chain alcohols, aromatics, and natural products, including polyphenols and terpenoids. glutamicum gabT mutant as a host strain. glutamicum to be resistant to up to 40 µg/ml of nisin [], our own results suggest that growth of C. glutamicum AJ1511 (ATCC 13869), an amino acid producer, to examine the light-inducible mechanism. lilium, Brevibacterium flavum, B. Here we resequence engineered isopentenol (IP) producing C. glutamicum ATCC Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. 1) and applications to broadening the substrate spectrum of this bacterium to improve production of glutamate-family amino acids. It does not produce spores. Also, other Corynebacterium species, M. まっすぐ、またはわずかに湾曲した、 先端成長型 の桿菌であり、しばしば菌体の両端または片端が膨れた、 棍棒 状の形態を示す。. Its apparent robustness also turns it into a favorable platform host for a wide range of further compounds, mainly because of emerging bio-based economies.eman tnerruc )726691dixt:IBCN esu esaelp selcitra ni secnerefer rof( 726691 :DI ymonoxaT 23031 CCTA mucimatulg muiretcabenyroC lacimehcoib eht fo gnidnatsrednu peed A . Here we report metabolic engineering of an l-lysine-overproducing Corynebacterium glutamicum strain for the high-level production of glutaric acid. Now it is used to make amino acids, such as lysine, threonine The soil microbe Corynebacterium glutamicum is a leading workhorse in industrial biotechnology and has become famous for its power to synthetise amino acids and a range of bulk chemicals at high titre and yield. This review summarizes the strategies, advantages, and challenges of engineering the BCAAs biosynthetic pathways of C.To corroborate these results and to determine the nisin concentration that … After the discovery of Corynebacterium glutamicum from avian feces-contaminated soil, its enigmatic L-glutamate secretion by corynebacterial MscCG-type mechanosensitive channels has been utilized for industrial monosodium glutamate production. The biosynthetic pathway of L-isoleucine in C. The other members of this group whose genomes are known are C. The preculture was then inoculated into 50 mL of fermentation medium in 500-mL conical flasks to an initial OD 600 nm of 0.Since its discovery, the most appreciated application for this organism is L-glutamate and L-lysine production (Eggeling and Bott, 2015), however, the organism has also been employed for the production of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid mainly formed by decarboxylation of L-glutamate and is widespread in nature from microorganisms to plants and animals. As an endotoxin-free and GRAS (generally regarded as safe) bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum is an attractive host for hemoglobin biosynthesis. glutamicum has accelerated because of the successful application of tools for genetically modifying C. glutamicum is a non-pathogenic, aerobic, Gram-positive, biotin-auxotrophic soil bacterium that was initially described to be a natural producer of L-glutamate (Kinoshita et al. It proved its potential, however, for the fermentative production of diverse products through genetic-metabolic engineering. With the continuous disclosure of genetic regulation mechanisms, various strategies and technologies of synthetic biology were used to … Corynebacterium glutamicum is a promising organism for the industrial production of amino acids, fuels, and various value-added chemicals. Aside from modern omics-based approaches, the authors also focus on cell physiology, including cell division, central carbon metabolic pathways, and the respiratory chain. The cluster is made up of the species C. Go to UniProtKB: O52377. In particular l-glutamate and l-lysine are produced at a million ton-scale with this bacterium, but engineered strains for the production of other proteinogenic amino acids are also available [16, 17]. When restricted under anaerobic conditions, it produc … Corynebacterium glutamicum is an industrial microbe traditionally used for the production of amino acids. Continuous discovery of genetic manipulations and …. Corynebacterium glutamicum, a Generally Recognized as Safe microbe, has been a choice organism in industry for the annual million ton-scale bioproduction of amino acids for more than 50 years; however, efforts to produce monoterpenes in C. glutamicum) is widely used for the production of L-amino acids, vitamins, organic acids, fuel ethanol and other products 1,2,3, and manipulation of its genes is C. It proved its potential, however, for the fermentative production of diverse products L-valine is an essential branched-chain amino acid that cannot be synthesized by the human body and has a wide range of applications in food, medicine and feed. 顕微鏡 下では、V字、Y字、T字型 Recently discovered CRISPR-associated transposases (CASTs) have been implemented as useful multiplexed genome editing tools, albeit only in a small group of bacteria. Starting from isopentenyl pyrophosphate, which is generated in the non-mevalonate pathway, decaprenoxanthin is synthesized via the intermediates farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, lycopene and flavuxanthin. It proved its potential, however, for the fermentative production of diverse … Corynebacterium glutamicum is the major host for the industrial production of amino acids and has become one of the best studied model organisms in microbial … Corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive and facultative anaerobic bacterium, is widely used for the industrial production of amino acids, such as L-glutamate and L … Corynebacterium glutamicum is an industrial microbe traditionally used for the production of amino acids. In this study, we analyzed the regulation of GABA utilization by the Gram-positive soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum, which serves as model organism of the phylum Actinobacteria. After screening for the most powerful enzyme and several rounds of strain and process optimization, up to 75 g L −1 hydroxyectoine was finally obtained in a batch process within only 12 h, providing an important next step towards upgrading this The growth rate (μ) of industrially relevant microbes, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, is a fundamental property that indicates its production capacity. In this study, a highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9-assisted genomic editing system for C. glutamicum is induced by limitation of biotin and addition of fatty acid ester surfactants and β-lactam antibiotics. As a cell factory, it possesses several advantages, such as rapid growth, good adaptability, and the generally regarded as safe status (Heider and Wendisch 2015; Ikeda and Nakagawa 2003). We demonstrated that the type I-F CAST from Vibrio cholerae could induce RNA-guided transposition in Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum with efficiencies of 0. With the rapid increase in demand for high-value bioindustrial and pharmaceutically-relevant proteins, C. The global market for l-lysine and l-glutamate is estimated to be more than 2. glutamicum) has been harnessed for multi-million-ton scale production of glutamate and lysine. It proved its potential, however, for the fermentative production of diverse products through genetic–metabolic engineering. glutamicum as a synthetic biology Corynebacterium glutamicum is a nonpathogenic and safe strain and does not produce endotoxins []. Promoters are commonly used to regulate the expression of specific target genes or operons. glutamicum.0, 200 rpm until the cell growth and glucose consumption were stable.C fo stnatanrepus gnisu syassa nwal-no-tops dna kaerts-ssorc ni noitibihni fo enoz raelc a delaever 23031 CCTA mucimatulg muiretcabenyroC tsniaga yticapac laiborcimitna sti fo sisylanA eht gnirewoL . In C. glutamicum has been studied for over 50 years []. In this study, we employed a GRAS strain Corynebacterium glutamicum as the host to produce … Corynebacterium glutamicum has been utilized for industrial amino acid production, especially for monosodium glutamate (MSG), the food-additive for the “UMAMI” category of taste sensation, which is one of the five human basic tastes., 1957). Because l-ornithine is an intermediate metabolite of l-arginine synthesis derived from l-glutamate, C. glutamicum, the biosynthesis of L-ornithine occurs through the urea cycle coupled with the tricarboxylic acid cycle. glutamicum strain development for amino acid production (Fig. marinum — most of them important pathogens. glutamicum have remained relatively limited. It was first discovered as a producer of glutamate. glutamicum strains are available, comprehensive comparative genome analyses of these species have not been done.Here, three amino acid transmembrane transporters, namely, GluE, BrnE/BrnF, and LysP, which are widely present in C "The Prokaryotes" (2nd edition) p.2 g L −1 succinate from glucose , which is the highest succinate titer ever reported. Promoters are commonly used to regulate the expression of specific target genes or operons. C. Its “microbial factory” qualities, such as its physiological plasticity and robust catalytic functionalities, have since … Corynebacterium glutamicum is a traditional food-grade industrial microorganism, in which an efficient endotoxin-free recombinant protein expression factory is under developing in recent years.Furthermore, it serves as a model organism for close relatives with medical significance such as C.5 in environments with external pH values ranging between 5. Strengthening endogenous metabolic Corynebacterium glutamicum, a Gram-positive soil bacterium, is an important platform organism for industrial biotechnology and environmental remediation [1, 2]. l-Glutamate production by C. This system mainly involves a plasmid and can be used for both gene insertion and deletion in the chromosome of C. It was first discovered as a producer of glutamate. The product portfolio of the microbe is continuously expanding. Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely used as microbial cell factory for various bioproducts, but its genomic editing efficiency needs to be improved. In phylogenetic trees based on concatenated protein sequences or 16S rRNA, the genus Corynebacterium forms a distinct clade, within which is a distinct subclade, cluster I.To corroborate these results and to determine the nisin concentration that is required for formation of pores in the membrane of Corynebacterium glutamicum has been successfully employed for the industrial production of amino acids and other bioproducts, partially due to its native ability to utilize a wide range of carbon substrates. Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is used industrially for large-scale production of amino acids. glutamicum We demonstrated that the type I-F CAST from Vibrio cholerae could induce RNA-guided transposition in Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum with efficiencies of 0. glutamicum grows and produces amino acids under aerobic conditions. glutamicum. It is a promising species for industrial production of bio-based chemicals because of its flexible metabolism that allows the utilization of a broad spectrum of carbon sources and the production of various Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important industrial producer of various amino acids with great potential for the production of other metabolites. glutamicum grows and produces amino acids under aerobic conditions.g. In this study, we aimed to facilitate l-cysteine biosynthesis by modulating cellular redox homeostasis through the introduction of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in Corynebacterium glutamicum.ciborea era tsom dna airetcab evitisop-marG fo suneg a si )/- nɪrˈ - ,məirəɪtˌkæbənɪarˈːɔk / ( muiretcabenyroC . glutamicum is not suitable for production of active nisin. leprae, M. At present, L-isoleucine is mainly produced by microbial fermentation, and the main production strain is Corynebacterium glutamicum.5 and 9. However, due to good genomic stability, C. Stock culture of C. Now it is used to make amino acids, such as lysine, threonine Corynebacterium glutamicum was the first completely sequenced Gram-positive soil bacterium from the Corynebacterianeae. It was first discovered as a producer of glutamate. During the process of industrial fermentation, C.C fo noitalupinam citeneg ni segnellahc emos llits era ereht ,revewoH . RNA-Seq technology is a … Corynebacterium glutamicum that expresses exogenous GAD gene, gadB2 or gadB1, can synthesize GABA from its own produced Glu. 2018; Hermann 2003; Zhao et al. Starting from isopentenyl pyrophosphate, which is generated in the non-mevalonate pathway, decaprenoxanthin is synthesized via the intermediates farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, lycopene and … Abstract Corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive and facultative anaerobic bacterium, is widely used for the industrial production of amino acids, such as l-glutamate and l-lysine. The batch fermentation was performed in a 3-L fermentor (3BG-4, Baoxing Biotech Co. Plant hemoglobin shows great potential as a food additive to circumvent the controversy of using animal materials. Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032. glutamicum ATCC 13,032 has been engineered to screen high-yield industrial strains owing to its excellent protein expression system [2, 3]. As a prerequisite, detailed knowledge about the tight regulation network is necessary for identifying promising metabolic engineering goals. However, studies of succinate Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important microorganism for industrial production of various amino acids, widely used in medicine, food, and feed industry (Becker et al. Corynebacterium glutamicum belongs to the microbes of enormous biotechnological relevance. glutamicum, and C. efficiens. Results The RecET-Cre/loxP system was used to achieve the chromosomal replacement of promoter in C. 2021; Sheng et al.This microorganism is generally recognized as safe and is used in the fermentative production of l-glutamate and l-lysine on a million-ton scale and l-threonine, l-leucine and l-valine on a thousand-ton scale in the food, feed and Corynebacterium glutamicum is a non-pathogenic, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacterium belonging to the class of Actinomycetes that is used for the production of amino acids in the million-ton-scale Corynebacterium glutamicum is generally regarded as a safe microorganism, and widely used in the large-scale production of various amino acids and organic acids, such as l-glutamate, l-lysine and succinic acid. glutamicum has been studied for over 50 years []. To further increase its amino acid production for fermentation industry, there is an acute need to develop next-generation genome manipulation tool for its metabolic engineering. glutamicum is a fast-growing, aerobic, and non-pathogenic Gram-positive soil bacterium that is a generally considered safe (GRAS) industrial microorganism.64% in B. glutamicum was constructed. glutamicum is more difficult to engineer than genetically tractable hosts. glutamicum, ATCC 13032, has been determined and analyzed to improve our understanding of the molecular biology and physiology of this organism, and to advance the development of more efficient production Corynebacterium glutamicum is a traditional food-grade industrial microorganism, in which an efficient endotoxin-free recombinant protein expression factory is under developing in recent years.